反道德犯罪：将性工作定为刑事犯罪的意外后果（摘要）

本文以当地官员在印度尼西亚东爪哇的一个地区将性工作定为刑事犯罪，但在邻近地区却没有的事件来研究将性工作定为刑事犯罪的影响。我们从女性性工作者和她们的客户那里收集变化前后的数据。发现定罪使女性性工作者的性传播感染增加了58%，这是由于避孕套的使用和使用减少带来的。数据还表明，刑事定罪降低了因刑事定罪而离开性工作的妇女的收入，降低了她们支付子女学费的能力，同时增加了子女开始工作以补充家庭收入的可能性。如果市场永久性萎缩，刑事定罪有可能改善人群性传播感染的结果，但研究表明，刑事定罪5年后，市场会出现反弹，一般人群中性传播感染的可能性会增加。

We examine the impact of criminalizing sex work, exploiting an event in which local officials unexpectedly criminalized sex work in one district in East Java, Indonesia, but not in neighboring districts. We collect data from female sex workers and their clients before and after the change. We find that criminalization increases sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers by 58 percent, measured by biological tests. This is driven by decreased condom access and use. We also find evidence that criminalization decreases earnings among women who left sex work due to criminalization and decreases their ability to meet their children’s school expenses while increasing the likelihood that children begin working to supplement household income. Although criminalization has the potential to improve population STI outcomes if the market shrinks permanently, we show that five years postcriminalization the market has rebounded and the probability of STI transmission in the general population is likely to have increased.

参考文献：Lisa Cameron, Jennifer Seager, Manisha Shah, Crimes Against Morality: Unintended Consequences of Criminalizing Sex Work, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 136, Issue 1, February 2021, Pages 427–469