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Patients with essential hypertension as a result of sustained increased arterial pressure, lead to systemic small artery, thus affecting the blood supply to tissues and organs, resulting in a variety of serious consequences, as a complication of hypertension. Common complication of high blood pressure have coronary heart disease, diabetes, heart failure, high blood lipids, kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, such as left ventricular hypertrophy. In the various complications of high blood pressure to heart, brain and kidney damage to the most significant.
Heart failure. Heart (mainly the left ventricle) to overcome the body due to small artery caused by increased peripheral resistance and strengthen the work, the occurrence of compensatory myocardial hypertrophy. Progressive left ventricular wall muscle hypertrophy, the heart cavity is also a significant expansion, increase in heart weight, when the lack of compensatory function, they become hypertensive heart disease, myocardial contractility of heart failure caused a serious decline. Often accompanied by hypertensive patients due to have coronary atherosclerosis, so that increasing the burden on the heart in ischemia, hypoxia, and thus more susceptible to heart failure.
Cerebral hemorrhage. Myometrial small arteries of the brain and the outer membrane are developed, the wall is weak, hardening of the brain occur if accompanied by a small artery spasm, it will be the occurrence of bleeding or rupture of hemorrhage (ie, cerebral hemorrhage). Cerebral hemorrhage is the most serious late complications of hypertension. Bleeding, including multi-site near the capsule and basal ganglia, clinically manifested as hemiplegia, aphasia, etc..
Renal insufficiency. Since the goal of small renal arteries hardening, so that a large number of renal units (that is, glomerular and tubular), due to chronic ischemia and atrophy, and followed by fibrous tissue hyperplasia (such as high blood pressure and kidney disease hardening). Remnant nephron compensatory hypertrophy occurred, expansion. Sclerosis in the kidney, the urine can occur in patients with more protein and more red blood cells. Late in the disease, due to the destruction of a large number of renal units, resulting in excretion of renal dysfunction, metabolic end products, such as non-protein nitrogen and so on, not all discharges and retention in the body, water and salt metabolism and acid-base balance disorder also occurred, caused by self-poisoning, there uremia.