“航天员特供奶”过程复杂 各国航天员特供食品大不同：印度航天员最爱咖喱

　　印度航天员特供食品：难以割舍的咖喱

　　作为太空载人飞行项目的一部分，印度军事科学家们接受了一项特殊任务：开发一种适合宇航员在太空中食用的咖喱。咖喱是印度人日常餐饮中必不可缺的一种调味料，宇航员实在难以割舍。

　　可问题是，按照人类探索太空几十年总结出的经验，通常情况下，宇航员在工作中应尽量避免辣味食品，因为这种味道的食品在太空零重力状态下很难被消化。

　　可无奈印度人却非常喜欢这种辣味咖喱，这可给航天科学家出了道难题。印度国防食品研究实验室主任A·S·巴瓦说，宇航员们渴望吃到自己家乡的各种小吃，比如塞满辛辣土豆丝的印度烤薄饼。巴瓦说：“开发太空烤薄饼以前从未做过。做油炸食物的难度太大，因为我们只能放很少的油。但是如果任务需要，我们会尽力尝试。”

　　按照印度太空计划，要尽量让印度宇航员吃上“太空咖喱”等他们熟悉的食物。根据巴瓦的计划，这些食物必须适合宇航员们在太空中食用，不能让宇航员感到胃部受到刺激。“太空咖喱”必须是辣的，里面的营养成分还要尽可能多。

“航天员特供奶”过程复杂 各国航天员特供食品大不同：韩国航天员颇爱泡菜

　　韩国航天员特供食品：泡菜和辣椒酱最受欢迎

　　韩国宇航员搭乘俄罗斯太空船前往国际空间站时，就带去了带有辣味的韩国传统泡菜。韩国政府的三个部门为了开发这种“太空泡菜”耗费了数年时间，斥资数百万美元。

　　登上太空的韩国首名宇航员李素妍用韩国食品招待了俄美同行，她说“速食面、泡菜和辣椒酱尤其受欢迎”。韩式太空餐的主食套餐包括泡菜、速冻米饭、大酱汤和辣椒酱等。此外，还有用各种粮食混合制成的“甜点”以及绿茶、红参茶等。这些太空食品经高温杀菌和无菌包装，含有65%水分，由于呈黏稠状，食用时不会飞散。其中，装泡菜的罐头盒中有液体吸收垫，以保证宇航员吃到和地球上一样的湿泡菜；大酱汤被冻结干燥成块状，倒入开水后可用吸管喝；而辣椒酱本身黏稠，不会到处飞。

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　精选仔猪只喂玉米和麸皮

　　昨日，在戈壁滩深处的生猪养殖场，几十头肉猪正躺在铺满锯末的猪圈里晒着太阳。锯末是战士人为铺垫到猪圈里的，据说这样卫生的环境能让猪健康地生长。

　　“为了做好航天员副食品供应工作，基地从五六个月前就开始专门养殖专供猪。仔猪是基地仔猪繁殖中心自己繁殖的，主要有约克夏、杜洛克、长白三个品种。”养殖场的一位负责人说，为了确保猪种优良，挑猪时必须有防检部门的官员在场。

　　他说，择优“录取”出来的猪崽，会被安排在专门圈舍进行特别饲养。养殖采取自然养猪法，全程无公害、无污染，只喂食玉米和麸皮，不喂食任何饲料。他强调，玉米和麸皮也是生产基地自己种植生产的，确保从源头上就不接受农药等任何污染。

　　这些猪并不是都能上航天员的餐桌。“卫生防疫部门和航天员医监医保部门都要来选待宰的生猪。”这名负责人说，挑选的第一关就是观察活猪的精神状态，还要从吃食、四肢力度、皮肤色泽等方面进行综合考量。此外，航天员对猪肉肥膘有特殊的要求，猪肉既不能过肥，也不能过瘦，必须是肥瘦合适，这样才能兼顾营养和口感。出于这个因素，养殖场特别饲养的十几头猪，体重基本都在90公斤左右。

　　据了解，这次被挑中宰杀的是一头长白猪，产肉量可满足发射前6名航天员的食用需求。

　　宰杀完毕后，检疫人员还要对猪肉从头到尾进行全身检查检疫，包括下颚、内脏、腹股沟淋巴、肌肉纤维密度等项目。