Associations of dietary patterns with brain health from behavioral, neuroimaging, biochemical and genetic analyses

——原载《自然 – 心理健康》2024年第2卷第5期——

<Nature - Mental Health> Volume 2, Issue 5

【摘要】食物偏好显著影响饮食选择，但对人群中自然饮食模式的了解仍然有限。我们通过应用数据驱动方法对来自181,990名英国生物库参与者的食物喜好数据进行分析，确定了四种饮食亚型：“无淀粉或低淀粉”（亚型1）、“素食”（亚型2）、“高蛋白和低纤维”（亚型3）和“均衡”（亚型4）。这些亚型在不同的大脑健康领域各不相同。与其他三种亚型相比，饮食均衡的个体表现出更好的心理健康和优越的认知功能。与亚型4相比，亚型3在中央后回等区域显示出较低的灰质体积，而亚型2在丘脑和楔前叶显示出较高的体积。全基因组关联分析确定了亚型3和亚型4之间不同的16个基因，这些基因在与心理健康和认知相关的生物过程中富集。这些发现为自然形成的饮食模式提供了新的见解，强调了均衡饮食对大脑健康的重要性。

[Abstract] Food preferences significantly influence dietary choices, yet understanding natural dietary patterns in populations remains limited. Here we identifiy four dietary subtypes by applying data-driven approaches to food-liking data from 181,990 UK Biobank participants: ‘starch-free or reduced-starch’ (subtype 1), ‘vegetarian’ (subtype 2), ‘high protein and low fiber’ (subtype 3) and ‘balanced’ (subtype 4). These subtypes varied in diverse brain health domains. The individuals with a balanced diet demonstrated better mental health and superior cognitive functions relative to other three subtypes. Compared with subtype 4, subtype 3 displayed lower gray matter volumes in regions such as the postcentral gyrus, while subtype 2 showed higher volumes in thalamus and precuneus. Genome-wide association analyses identified 16 genes different between subtype 3 and subtype 4, enriched in biological processes related to mental health and cognition. These findings provide new insights into naturally developed dietary patterns, highlighting the importance of a balanced diet for brain health.

论文原文：Ruohan Zhang, Bei Zhang, Chun Shen, Barbara J. Sahakian, Zeyu Li, Wei Zhang, Yujie Zhao, Yuzhu Li, Jianfeng Feng & Wei Cheng (2024).  Associations of dietary patterns with brain health from behavioral, neuroimaging, biochemical and genetic analyses. Nature - Mental Health. volume 2, issue 5, pages 535–552.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-024-00226-0

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